PAS 101: INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC THEORY & COMPOSITION         2 Credits
This course is designed to help students acquire basic musical knowledge and    skills in the writing of music for solo voice and chorus.

PAS 103: APPLIED MUSIC, CHORAL AND ENSEMBLE WORK         2 Credits
The course provides students the opportunity to acquire knowledge of music literature. Students are also assisted to enhance their performance skills.

PAS 104: INTERMEDIATE COURSE IN MUSIC THEORY & COMPOSITION        2 Credits
In this course, students will be introduced to basic techniques for composing solo and ensemble instrumental pieces.

PAS 106 : APPLIED MUSIC AND CHORAL REHEARSAL   2 Credits
APPLIED MUSIC
This is a practical course on a musical instrument. The course description for each instrument is as follows:
Voice
The course aims at equipping students with vocal performance skills in voice. Students at this level will study four art songs from African-American, European and African music repertoire.

 Wind Instruments
 Students, at this level, would be exposed to the fundamentals of playing a wind instrument such as Trumpet in B-flat, Alto or Tenor Saxophone, and Clarinet in B-flat. They will also be introduced to performance techniques. As a requirement, students will, in every semester, perform two pieces of music chosen from Western and African repertoire in the concert keys of B-flat, E-flat, F and G.
African Instruments
This course aims at giving students considerable skills in performing on the drum, xylophone and at[nt[b[n. Students will study selected recreational dances and pieces for the xylophone and atenteben.

Piano

This course aims at assisting students to acquire basic performance skills in piano playing. Students will be required to play short pieces by European as well as African art music composers. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces and any pertinent points related to the pieces and their composers. 

Guitar
The course is designed to assist students to acquire skills in African and Western classical styles of guitar playing. They will study the basic techniques of playing scales on the guitar. Students will be expected to master four pieces.

CHORAL
The course is designed to assist students to apply vocal techniques studied in group setting. It will also provide opportunities for students to increase their repertoire of songs. Students will be required to participate in class performances and in other functions in and outside the University.

PAS 107: BASIC SKILLS IN SIGHT READING AND AURAL CULTURE        2 Credits
The course will provide students the opportunities to read, at sight, melodies with complex rhythms from staff notation. They will also acquire skills that will enable them analyse and synthesize musical works.

PAS 108: ADVANCED SIGHT READING AND AURAL CULTURE         1 Credits
The course is designed to assist students with the opportunity to enhance their skills in reading, at sight, melodies, in the major and minor modes, from staff notation.  Students will also acquire skills in analysing and synthesizing extensive musical works.

PAS 201: MUSIC THEORY & COMPOSITION: MELODY WRITING        2 Credits
This course is aimed at equipping students with the knowledge and skills to write more elaborate melodies for the voice and other Western and African melodic instruments, and be exposed to both Western and African approaches to the setting of texts to music.

PAS 203: INTRODUCTORY CHORAL AND ENSEMBLE WORK           2 Credits
This course is one of the practical music laboratories for the enhancement of vocal techniques. It aims at increasing students’ repertoire of songs through in-depth study of a variety of choral music styles from Ghanaian repertory – past and present. Students’ participation in ensemble work will help them acquire skills that will enable them perform Ghanaian traditional music in a group setting.

PAS 207: BASIC SKILLS IN APPLIED MUSIC AND MUSICIANSHIP            3 Credits
Voice
This course provides opportunities for students to acquire skills in the performance of advanced solo vocal pieces. Students will study four songs from African-American, European and African music repertoire.

Wind Instruments
In this course, students will expand their repertoire in African and Western pieces. Students will also acquire techniques for the performance of the selected pieces for this stage. The selected pieces will be in the keys of C, F, G, B-flat, E-flat and A-flat.

African Instruments
This course will provide students with the opportunity to increase their repertoire of Ghanaian traditional music and dance types including cult dances. In addition, students will study pieces for the xylophone and the atentben.

Piano

This course is designed to assist students to study advanced pieces by Africans as well as European art music composers. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces. The students will acquire knowledge about the composers whose pieces they perform.

Guitar
Students will enhance their skills in the playing of advanced chords on the guitar. They will master and perform, in public, extended pieces of music.

MUSICIANSHIP
In this course, students will be assisted to build on their musicianship skills. The course is intended to assist students enhance their ability to play at sight and to perform hymn tunes in keys B-flat and D major and to transpose melodies written in these keys into other keys. Two instruments, piano and guitar, will be available for this course and students will be required to perform on one.

PAS 208: HISTORY OF WESTERN ART MUSIC STYLES: 1600 - 1850           3 Credits       
This course is a detailed study and analysis of the styles, aesthetics and cultural relevance of the music of African and Western civilizations. The first semester covers the music of the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical periods.

PAS 209 : MUSIC THEORY AND COMPOSITION: USAGE OF CHORDS          2 Credits
The course is designed to enhance students’ skills in the use of primary and secondary chords, in major and minor modes, to harmonize simple melodies. Students will also have the opportunity to study two- and four-part writing. At the end of the course, students will be expected to present at least two hymn-tunes with texts from a hymnbook or with students’ own texts.

PAS 211: INTERMEDIATE CHORAL AND ENSEMBLE WORK.        2 Credits
The course will help students to expand their repertoire of African and Western choral and ensemble pieces.

PAS 213: POPULAR MUSIC AND DANCE IN GHANA: HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND            3 Credits
The course focuses on the study of traditional and contemporary popular music types in Ghana. It looks at the origin, growth and development of these popular music types and the social events that contributed to their creation and growth.

PAS 216: HISTORY OF WESTERN AND AFRICAN ART MUSICAL STYLES:1850 – 2000              3 Credits 
This course, which is a continuation of PAS208 also offers students the opportunity to study, in detail, the styles, aesthetics and cultural relevance of the Art Music of the 19th Century to the present including art music of contemporary Africa.

PAS 218: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF AFRICAN MUSIC, DANCE AND THEATRE        3 Credits
The course is designed to help students to understand the structure and form of African music, dance and theatre as well as the role these art forms play in the life of the African.

MUS 219: MUSIC IN CHRISTIAN LITURGY     3 Credits
This course will focus on the chronology of church music from early Christian era to contemporary times. Distinguished features of the various styles of music in the church will be examined. A survey of the development of hymns and their music, such forms as Gregorian chants, Psalms, Canticles, Chorales and hymn tunes will feature prominently. In this comprehensive approach other sacred musical types from the Ghanaian experience such as Dagarba Mass, Ebibidwom and choruses will be studied. The liturgy and liturgical calendar that dictate what types of music to be used, when and how as well as liturgical dances and dramatic sketches will also be given enough attention.

PAS 220: MUSIC IN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION AND NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS              3 Credits
In this course, students will have the opportunity to engage in in-depth study of the role music plays in African traditional religious practices including the role of music in rituals and rites of passage. The study will also assist students of examine in detail the role of music in the religious practices of the new religious movements

PAS 221: APPLIED MUSIC AND MUSICIANSHIP –INTERMEDIATE LEVEL         2 Credits
Voice
In this course, students will expand their repertoire of Ghanaian, African and Western European pieces.

Wind Instruments
The course will help students to increase their repertoire of African and Western pieces. Students will also acquire techniques for the performance of the selected pieces for the intermediate level. The selected pieces will be in the keys of  D, A, E major and minor keys.

African Instruments
Students will be expected to study selected dance types generally found in the chief’s palace. Students will also study more xylophone and atenteben pieces.

Piano

This course is designed to assist students to study advanced pieces by Africans as well as European art music composers. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces. The students will acquire knowledge about the composers whose pieces they perform.

Guitar
Students will continue to enhance their skills in the playing of Famingo chords.  They will be assisted to study literature of the 18th and 19th Centuries.

MUSICIANSHIP
Students will continue to  build on their musicianship skills. The course is intended to assist students enhance their ability to play at sight and to perform hymn tunes in keys E-flat and A major and to transpose melodies written in these keys into other keys. Two instruments, piano and guitar, will be available for this course and students will be required to perform on one.

PAS 222: AURAL CULTURE: FORM AND STRUCTURE OF MUSIC       3 Credits
The course is designed to develop students’ perceptual powers. They will be engaged in exercises that will enable them perceive the expressive qualities of music particularly, the form and structure of music.

PAS 301: MUSIC THEORY & COMPOSITION:  INTRODUCTION TO ART MUSIC COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES           3 Credits
This course is designed to help students acquire knowledge about the theory of the generative processes involved in art music composition. They will acquire skills in the use of advanced chords, modulation, fugal exposition, form, style, modal harmony and orchestration in composing extended Western and African pieces. This is a project-oriented course and students will be required to present two extended works as products of their project.

PAS 303: CHORAL REHEARSAL: AFRICAN AND WESTERN WORKS—SIMPLE PIECES.        1 Credit
This course intends to enhance students’ aesthetic sensitivity through group singing. Students will have the opportunity to increase their repertoire in both African and Western choral works. They will be assisted to develop the ability to react to the expressive qualities of the pieces they study. Students will be required to participate in class performances and in other functions in and outside the University as part of the assessment criteria.

PAS 306: INTRODUCTION TO MUSICOLOGY           3 Credits
This course examines the three branches of musicology (historical, systematic and ethno) and, as well, the theories that have informed methods in musicological investigations.

PAS 308: AFRICAN DANCE PERFORMANCE: COURT DANCE           3 Credits
The course is designed to inform students of the various types of court dance that exists in Africa. They will engage in the study of a selection of these dances.

PAS 309: MUSIC THEORY ADVANCED COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES              3 Credits
The course seeks to provide students opportunities to strengthen their skills and knowledge in the composition of 17th and 18th Century Western musical styles. Students will be assisted to use African traditional authentic musical idioms in their compositions. The course also introduces students to 20th Century Western music compositional techniques.

PAS 311: CHORAL REHEARSAL: AFRICAN AND WESTERN WORKS—MAJOR WORKS            1 Credits
In this course, students will be assisted to increase their repertoire of African and Western art music. They will acquire skills that will enable them not only to sing in a choir, but also perform advanced choral pieces creditably. Students will be required to participate in class performances and other functions in and outside the University as part of the assessment criteria.

PAS 314: AESTHETIC EVALUATION OF SELECTED ART WORKS OF GHANAIAN AND WESTERN COMPOSERS                3 Credits
This course is designed to assist students to  study devices used by selected composers to achieve their aesthetic goals.  Students will be expected to present an aesthetic evaluation of a major composition by a composer of their choice.  This will be discussed and critiqued in class.PAS 315: FIELD WORK IN MUSICOLOGY        3 Credits
This course, a sequel to MUS 313, introduces the student to the nitty-gritty and realities of fieldwork in ethnomusicology. It is defined to include the collection, interpretation and presentation of field data.

PAS 317: PRODUCTION PARTICIPATION: AFRICAN AND WESTERN DANCES           3 Credits
The course involves varied assignments and roles in productions directed by either faculty or colleague student.  It aims to enable students to develop discipline, creativity and sound working attitudes in the practical theatre profession.

PAS 318: ADVANCED SKILLS IN APPLIED MUSIC AND MUSICIANSHIP I                      2 Credits
The course descriptions for the study of the various instruments are as follows:

Voice
The course is a continuation of the study of the art of performance taken in the previous years. Students will review songs studied in the previous years and study six new songs from African-American, European and African music repertoire.

Wind Instruments
This course is a follow-up on PAS 221 and continues to expose students to more advanced performance skills. They will be expected to perform three pieces each semester from Western and African art songs in the concert keys of C, F, G, D, B-flat and E-flat, as a prerequisite for the next level.

African Instruments
Students should have taken PAS 221 to qualify for this course. The course is designed to give students appreciable skills in the students’ selected area of performance - drum/xylophone/ atenteben.

Piano

This course continues with the work done during the previous year.  Students at this level will be required to play more advanced pieces by European as well as African art music composers. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces.  Pertinent knowledge of composers, their individual styles as well as the style(s) of the periods in which the composers lived is also expected of students.

Guitar
The course focuses on the playing of Western Classical and African guitar music. Students will be assisted to acquire skills that will enable them play pieces of the standard of Grade V of the Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM). In the case of African pieces, students will learn highlife “riffs” as well as African art music composed for the guitar.

MUSICIANSHIP                          
Students at this level would be required to play hymn tunes in the keys of E-flat, A, E, and A-flat major including J.S. Bach’s chorales. They would be required to harmonize at the keyboard, melodies which modulate to the dominant and subdominant major keys. The harmonized scale in the minor mode will be studied in keys C, D, E, G, and B minor and played to different rhythms and applied as a means to harmonize simple melodies. In addition, students would be required to be able to play and transpose two-part songs to keys studied so far, provide simple accompaniment to melodies sung to them by the teacher, continue a given melody for a few measures and end in a specific cadence, on the keyboard, as may be directed by the teacher.

PAS 319: FORM AND STRUCTURE IN AFRICAN MUSIC           3 Credits
The course will broaden students’ understanding of African music. They will be engaged in the analysis of the form and structure of African music. The students will be engaged in field work for the collection of authentic materials for the course.

PAS 320: CHORAL REPERTOIRE AND CONDUCTING                3 Credits
Students will be exposed to the different styles in choral music literature of Ghanaian composers. Such works as oratorio, cantatas, anthems and other choral literature from Western art music appropriate for local performances will also be examined. Skills and activities appropriate for choral performances, musical interpretation and conducting techniques will be given prominence. Other highlights of this course will include adjudication of choral competitions and festival organizations.

PAS 321: INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC CRITICISM AND AESTHETICS          3 Credits
The course aims at equipping students with facts and arguments that explain the role music plays in human experience.  Theories of beauty feature in the course and theories by thinkers like Plato, Baumgarten, Santayana, Nietzche and Freud, among others, will be studied.  The aim is to sensitize students about what may or may not constitute beauty in music.

PAS 322: INTRODUCTION TO POPULAR MUSIC PERFORMANCE AND COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES: HIGHLIFE            3 Credits
This course discusses the performance practices of some selected Ghanaian traditional and contemporary popular music ensembles. It also takes a look at the various compositional techniques employed by popular music composers as well as examining the factors that shape popular musicians compositions.

PAS 323:  ADVANCED SKILLS IN APPLIED AND MUSICANSHIP II           2 Credits
The course descriptions for the study of the various instruments are as follows:

Voice
The course seeks to assist students to increase their repertoire of African and Western songs. It will provide opportunities for students to enhance their skills in the art of performance.

Wind Instrument
This course is a follow-up on PAS 318 and will expose students to advanced techniques in the art of wind instrument playing. They will be expected to perform three pieces each semester from Western and African art songs in the concert keys of F, G, D, B-flat, E-flat and A-flat.

African Instruments
The course is designed to help students acquire skills that will enable students perform on traditional African instruments in a community music making setting.  Selected area of performance - drum/xylophone/ atenteben.

Piano

This course continues with the work done during the previous year.  Students at this level will be required to play more advanced pieces by European as well as African art music composers. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces.  Pertinent knowledge of composers, their individual styles as well as the style(s) of the periods in which the composers lived is also expected of students.

Guitar
The course focuses on the playing of guitar pieces of Western Classical and African music. Students will be assisted to acquire skills that will enable them play pieces of the standard of Grade V of the Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM).

MUSICIANSHIP                          
Students at this level would be required to play hymn tunes in the keys of E-flat, A, E, and A-flat major including J.S. Bach’s chorales. They would be required to harmonize at the keyboard, melodies which modulate to the dominant and subdominant major keys. The harmonized scale in the minor mode will be studied in keys C, D, E, G, and B minor and played to different rhythms and applied as a means to harmonize simple melodies. In addition, students would be required to be able to play and transpose two-part songs to keys studied so far, provide simple accompaniment to melodies sung to them by the teacher, continue a given melody for a few measures and end in a specific cadence, on the keyboard, as may be directed by the teacher.

PAS 324: CONTEMPORARY USAGES OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC           3 Credits
Students enrolled in this course will be offered the opportunity to review the relevance of traditional African music in the musical culture of contemporary Africa. The role that traditional African music plays in the socio-cultural life of the contemporary African will be discussed. The adaptation and presentation of traditional musical forms in new ways will also be explored.

PAS 325: INSTRUMENTAL RESOURCES & REPERTOIRE             3 Credits
This course builds up students’ repertoire of instrumental music appropriate for usage in Ghanaian schools. The making of simple instruments from environmental resources, instructional designs and application of the body percussion or accompaniment will be given enough attention. Students will also be exposed to instrument conducting techniques.

PAS 326: INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITIONAL AND PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES OF POPULAR MUSIC FROM THE DIASPORA                  3 Credits
In this course, students will study the theory and practice of selected music and dance forms composed and performed by selected Africans in the diaspora.

PAS 399: RESEARCH METHODS            3 Credits
The course is designed to introduce students to basic research techniques applied in musicological studies as well as studies in music education. It will expose students to qualitative and quantitative research paradigms.

PAS 401: MUSIC THEORY & COMPOSITION: EXTENDED WORKS I                 3 Credits
The course is aimed at building confidence and competence in students, in their ability to harmonize and compose extensive vocal and instrumental music. The desired approach should provide for progressive insight into the complexities of musical concepts and techniques including the use of more advanced chords, variations of themes, and the structure of the forms of extended or large compositions.  The fundamentals of Twentieth Century harmony will also be highlighted.

PAS 402: CHORAL AND ENSEMBLE: CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN AND WESTERN PIECES                 3 Credits 
This course is one of the practical music laboratories for the enhancement of vocal techniques. It aims at increasing students’ repertoire of songs through in-depth study of variety of choral music styles from Ghanaian repertory –past and present. Students will be required to participate in class performances and in other functions in and outside the university as part of the assessment criteria.

PAS 404: THEATRE AND DEVELOPMENT       3 Credits
The course offers studies in theories, principles and practices of development. It also examines principles of teaching  that will enable directors of plays to develop strategies that will enhance the  dissemination of the messages encapsulated in plays. The course will also provide strategies for assessing the impact of drama as a tool for disseminating information in Africa.

PAS 405: THEATRE  MANAGEMENT            3 Credits
The course is a general study of the principles of management and their application to the performing arts particularly in community and educational establishments; budgeting and production preparation; planning and organization of performances.  It also looks at problems of box office and house management; advertisement, publicity and public relation; organizing limited tours, problems of staffing and personnel.

PAS 406: DANCE  PRODUCTION           3 Credits
The course will treat factors of dance production. Students will be engaged in a critical review of traditional approaches to dance production and assisted to device new ways of approaching dance production.

PAS 408: MUSIC THEORY AND COMPOSITION: EXTENDED WESTERN AND AFRICAN ART MUSIC COMPOSITION                      3 Credits
The course is designed to assist students to complete their original vocal and instrumental compositions, utilizing African and Western musical idioms. The course will also help students to use Twentieth Century musical idioms in their original compositions.

PAS 409: CHORAL AND ENSEMBLE WORK: MUSIC AND DANCE OF AFRICANS IN THE DIASPORA          3 Credits
Students will continue to increase their repertoire with songs from composers of African descent. They will acquire the technique requisite for rendering pieces of African-American heritage.

PAS 413: ADVANCED STUDY OF COMPOSITIONAL AND PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES: POPULAR MUSIC FROM THE DIASPORA              3 Credits
The course focuses on the generative process of popular music. Students will be assisted to acquire knowledge and skills in composing popular music in the idiom of African-American music style.

PAS 415: APPLIED MUSIC AND MUSICIANSHIP: ADVANCED LEVEL              3 Credits
The following are course descriptions for the various applied music instruments:

 Voice
 The course provides students with a more advanced study of vocal solo performance and also gives students skills in the art of presentation. Students will review songs studied in the previous three years and study six new songs from African, Western and African-American repertoire.

Wind Instruments
This course gives students more advanced performance skills as well as skills in the art of presentation. Students will review pieces studied in the previous three years and study four new pieces from African, Western and African-American repertoire.
African Instruments
This course is a continuation of what students studied at Level 300 in their area of specialization. The course is also designed to give students more advanced skills in their selected area of performance.
Piano
This course continues with the work done during the previous year.  Students at this level will be required to play more advanced pieces composed in  Western European as well as African music traditions. They will also master all scales and technical exercises relevant to the pieces they have selected.  Pertinent knowledge of composers of the pieces, their individual styles as well as the style(s) of the periods in which the composers lived is also expected of students.
Guitar
The course is designed to assist students to acquire advanced techniques in playing Western and African guitar pieces. Students will be given the opportunity to increase their repertoire as well as prepare and rehearse pieces for a 30-minute public performance.

MUSICIANSHIP
In this course, selected hymns in several keys will be played from memory in their original keys and transposed in related keys higher or lower as appropriate. Students should be able to demonstrate and show evidence of keyboard proficiency that will enable them to extemporize and decorate melodic and harmonic phrases.

PAS 416: ADVANCED STUDY OF COMPOSITIONAL AND PERFORMANCETECHNIQUES OF HIGHLIFE MUSIC                 3 Credits
The course is designed to assist students to compose original works in the style of existing gospel music, highlife, reggae, and funk styles. The pieces will be recorded in a professional studio.

PAS 417: MUSIC IN WORLD CULTURES           3 Credits
This course is a survey of the musical traditions of several of the world’s people; it draws upon specific examples from the music cultures of East Asia, the Arab world, Slavic countries (the Balkans), Africa and the Americas, to explore how conceptualization of music, as a form of artistic expression and as a category of social behaviour, differs from one culture to another. Our goal is to understand each music from the perspective of its maker.

PAS 418: EXTENSIVE STUDY OF GHANAIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC          3 Credits
 In this course the student chooses a Ghanaian musical type, preferably from his locality, in consultation with the lecturer and does an in-depth study of it in terms of its socio-cultural background, membership and organization, themes and structures of its songs and its instrumental accompaniment. A write-up of the findings will be followed by a performance and then a viva voce.

PAS 419: APPLIED MUSIC AND MUSICIANSHIP: PUBLIC PERFORMANCE II                2 Credits
The following are course descriptions for the various applied music instruments:

Voice
The course provides opportunities for students to prepare a repertory for a 30-minutes public concert of vocal music. The repertoire for the concert will include songs from African, Western and African-American repertoire

Wind Instruments
This course gives students more advanced performance skill as well as skills in the art of presentation. Students will prepare pieces from African, Western and African-American art music for winds for a 30-minute public concert.

African Instruments
This course is a continuation of what students studied at Level 300 in their area of specialization. The course will assist students to rehearse selected xylophone, drum and atenteben pieces for a 30-minute public concert.

Piano
This course will assist students to prepare a 30-minute piano performance programme for public performance.  They will be required to play more advanced pieces composed in the Western European as well as African music traditions.

Guitar
The course will prepare students to present a 30-minutes public concert of guitar music. The repertory for the concert will include Western and African popular and art guitar music.

MUSICIANSHIP
In this course, students will be required to exhibit skill in the playing of hymns in several keys. These hymns will be played from memory. Students should also demonstrate and show evidence of keyboard proficiency that will enable them to extemporize and decorate melodic and harmonic phrases. Knowledge of major and minor scales in harmonic modulation to related keys, sight reading of simple homophonic pieces all at the keyboard will be highlighted.

PAS 420: AFRICAN MUSIC IN THE DIASPORA          3 Credits
This course explores the psycho-social and cultural trends in American history that influenced music-making among African-Americans and helped shaped the patterns of the music they created. Genres of African American music will be discussed in terms of their socio-cultural background and their stylistic features, using representative musical examples.

PAS 421: PERSPECTIVES IN CHURCH MUSIC EDUCATION        3 Credits
This course will focus on Church Music Philosophy, education and administration. Topics in historical and contemporary developments in hymnody, liturgical music, church choir literature and management techniques will be highlighted. In all these, special emphasis will be placed on music and arts in the church and the Music Director’ responsibility.        

PAS 422: SEMINAR IN MUSIC EDUCATION   3 Credits
The course focuses on the examination of contemporary issues in music education. It will also help students acquire skills that will enable them critique research reports.

PAS 499: PROJECT WORK       3 Credits
The course is designed to assist students to acquire skills in the writing of extensive musical pieces utilizing authentic African and Western musical idioms. Students will also be helped to write long essays based on topics of interest, in musicology, music education or church music, to the students.